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<title>Sarat Chandra Das</title>

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarat Chandra Das</span></h1>

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<div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#EEEEFF;color:#000000"><div>Sarat Chandra Das</div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"></div><div class="legend">Sarat Chandra Das en 1904</div></div><table><caption style="color:#000000;text-align:center;background-color:#EEEEFF">Biographie</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Naissance</th><td class=""><div>

<span class="wd_p569"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1849-07-18" data-sort-value="1849-07-18"><a href="18_juillet" title="18 juillet">18</a> <a href="Juillet_1849" title="Juillet 1849">juillet</a> <a href="1849" title="1849">1849</a></time></span><br><span class="wd_p19"><a href="Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Décès</th><td class=""><div>

<span class="wd_p570"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1917-01-05" data-sort-value="1917-01-05"><a href="5_janvier" title="5 janvier">5</a> <a href="Janvier_1917" title="Janvier 1917">janvier</a> <a href="1917" title="1917">1917</a></time></span> (à 67 ans)<br><span class="wd_p20"><a href="Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Nationalité</th><td class=""><div>

<span class="wd_p27"><a href="Raj_britannique" title="Raj britannique">indienne</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Formation</th><td class=""><div>

<span class="wd_p69"><a href="Presidency_College_(Calcutta)" title="Presidency College (Calcutta)">Presidency College</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Activités</th><td class=""><div>

<span class="wd_p106"><a href="Exploration" title="Exploration">Explorateur</a>, <a href="Instituteur" title="Instituteur">instituteur</a>, <a href="Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguiste</a>, <a href="%C3%89crivain" title="Écrivain">écrivain</a>, <a href="Photographe" title="Photographe">photographe</a>, <a href="Espion" title="Espion">espion</a></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Fratrie</th><td class=""><div>

<span class="wd_p3373">Nabin Chandra Das <small>(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27949652" class="extiw external" title="d:Q27949652"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Voir l'élément Wikidata correspondant">d</span></a>)</small></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p><b>Sarat Chandra Das</b>, né le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1849-07-18" data-sort-value="1849-07-18">18 juillet 1849</time> à <a href="Chittagong_(ville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittagong (ville)">Chittagong</a> et mort le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1917-01-05" data-sort-value="1917-01-05">5 janvier 1917</time>, est un lettré <a href="Inde" title="Inde">indien</a> féru de <a href="Tib%C3%A9tain" title="Tibétain">langue tibétaine</a> et de <a href="Culture_tib%C3%A9taine" title="Culture tibétaine">culture tibétaine</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biographie">Biographie</h2></div>

<p>En 1874, il est nommé directeur du <a href="Bhutia_Boarding_School_de_Darjeeling" title="Bhutia Boarding School de Darjeeling">pensionnat bhoutia tibétain de Darjeeling</a>. Lama <a href="Ugyen_Gyatso" title="Ugyen Gyatso">Ugyen Gyatso</a>, un moine du <a href="Monast%C3%A8re_de_Pemayangtse" title="Monastère de Pemayangtse">monastère de Pemayangtse</a> au <a href="Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, est alors le professeur de tibétain dans cette école<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.

</p><p>Alors que le <a href="Tibet_sous_la_tutelle_des_Qing" title="Tibet sous la tutelle des Qing">Tibet est sous la tutelle des Qing</a>, il travaille un temps comme espion pour les Britanniques, partant en expédition au <a href="Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> pour rassembler des informations sur les <a href="Tib%C3%A9tains" title="Tibétains">Tibétains</a>, les <a href="Russes" title="Russes">Russes</a> et les <a href="Ethnies_de_Chine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnies de Chine">Chinois</a>. Il séjourne à <a href="Lhassa" title="Lhassa">Lhassa</a> entre 1881 et 1882<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.

</p><p>Après qu'il a quitté le Tibet, les raisons de son séjour sont découvertes et de nombreux Tibétains qui s'étaient liés d'amitié avec lui et qui l'avaient aidé dans son entreprise sont victimes de graves représailles par les Chinois<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Selon le colonel écossais britannique <a href="Laurence_Waddell" title="Laurence Waddell">Laurence Austine Waddell</a>, le gouverneur de <a href="Gyants%C3%A9" title="Gyantsé">Gyantsé</a>, Phal Dahpön, et sa femme (Lha-cham), qui avaient aidé Sarat C. Das, furent condamnés à la prison à vie, virent leurs domaines confisqués et eurent plusieurs de leurs domestiques mutilés (mains et pieds coupés, yeux arrachés) et abandonnés à leur sort<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Selon le tibétologue italien <a href="Luciano_Petech" title="Luciano Petech">Luciano Petech</a>, le mda'-dpon P'a-lha-ba et sa femme lha-lcam ne furent qu'exilés pendant 7 ans<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.

</p><p>Il nomme sa maison « Lhassa Villa » et y reçoit de nombreux invités notoires, dont <a href="Charles_Alfred_Bell" title="Charles Alfred Bell">Charles Alfred Bell</a> et <a href="Ekai_Kawaguchi" title="Ekai Kawaguchi">Ekai Kawaguchi</a>. Il compile un dictionnaire tibéto-anglais, qui est publié en 1902.

</p><p>En <a href="1885" title="1885">1885</a>, il rencontre <a href="William_Woodville_Rockhill" title="William Woodville Rockhill">William Woodville Rockhill</a> à Pékin<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.

</p><p>En 1915, il se rend au <a href="Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Japan_Chronicle_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Japan_Chronicle-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> avec <a href="Ekai_Kawaguchi" title="Ekai Kawaguchi">Ekai Kawaguchi</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.

</p><p>Il meurt le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1917-01-05" data-sort-value="1917-01-05">5 janvier 1917</time>, probablement chez lui, à Chittagong<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Japan_Chronicle_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Japan_Chronicle-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.

</p><p><a href="Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a> s'inspira de sa vie pour le personnage de Hurree Chunder Mookerjee, l'agent E.17 de son roman <i><a href="Kim_(roman)" title="Kim (roman)">Kim</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2></div>

<ul><li><i>Tibetan-English Dictionary</i>, Ed. Dzambala, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1996-06-08" data-sort-value="1996-06-08">8 juin 1996</time>, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">2-906940-27-5</span>)</small></li>

<li>Avec <a href="William_Woodville_Rockhill" title="William Woodville Rockhill">William Woodville Rockhill</a>, <i>Voyage à Lhassa et au Tibet central</i>, Olizane, 1994, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">2-88086-147-0</span>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i>Journey To Lhasa & Central Tibet</i>. 1st Edition: John Murray (England) (1902). Reprint: <a href="Kessinger_Publishing" title="Kessinger Publishing">Kessinger Publishing</a>, LLC (2007). <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">978-0-548-22652-0</span>)</small>. Republished as: <i>Lhasa and Central Tibet</i>, Cosmo (Publications, India); New edition (2003). <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">978-81-7020-435-0</span>)</small>.</li>

<li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i>Contributions on the religion, history &c., of Tibet: Rise and progress of Jin or Buddhism in China</i>. Publisher: s.n. (1882).</li>

<li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i>Narrative of a journey to Lhasa in 1881-82</i>. Publisher: s.n. (1885).</li>

<li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i>Narrative of a journey round Lake Yamdo (Palti), and in Lhokha, Yarlung, and Sakya, in 1882</i>. publisher: s.n (1887).</li>

<li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i>The doctrine of transmigration</i>. Buddhist Text Society (1893).</li>

<li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i>Indian Pandits in the Land of Snow</i>. Originally published at the end of the 19th century. Reprint: Rupa (2006). <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">978-81-291-0895-1</span>)</small>.</li>

<li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i>A Tibetan-English dictionary, with Sanskrit synonyms</i>. 1st Edition - <a href="Calcutta" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, 1902. Reprint: Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi. 1989.</li>

<li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i>An introduction to the grammar of the Tibetan language;: With the texts of Situ sum-tag, Dag-je sal-wai melong, and Situi shal lung</i>. Darjeeling Branch Press, 1915. Reprint: Motilal Barnasidass, Delhi, 1972.</li>

<li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <i>Autobiography: Narratives of the incidents of my early life</i>. Reprint: Indian studies: past & present (1969).</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olaindia.com/travel-experiences/a-journey-to-tashi-lhunpo">A JOURNEY TO TASHI-LHUNPO IN 1879</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Sarah H. Jacoby, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=7eUYBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA25"><i>ove and Liberation: Autobiographical Writings of the Tibetan Buddhist Visionary Sera Khandro</i></a>, Columbia University Press, 2014, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">0231147686</span> et <span class="nowrap">9780231147682</span>)</small></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Samanth Subramanian, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/20/magazine/the-indian-spy-who-fell-for-tibet.html">The Indian Spy Who Fell for Tibet</a>, 16 mars 2016, <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Laurence Austine Waddell, <i>Lhasa and Its Mysteries: With a Record of the Expedition of 1903-1904</i> (Livre numérique Google), Cosimo, Inc., 2007, 740 pages, p. 79 : <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">« <span class="italique">The ruin thus brought about by the Babu's visit extended also to the unfortunate Lama's relatives, the governor of Gyantsé (the Phal Dahpön) and his wife (Lha-cham), whom he had persuaded to befriend Sarat C. Das. These two were cast into prison for life, and their estates confiscated, and several of their servants were barbarously mutilated, their hands and feet were cut off and their eyes gouged out, and they were then left to die a lingering death in agony, so bitterly cruel was the resentment of the Lamas against all who assisted the Babu in this attempt to spy into their sacred city.</span> »</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Luciano Petech, <i>Aristocracy and government in Tibet, 1728–1959</i> 1973, p. 85 : <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">« <span class="italique">Another P'a-lha-nas, who appears as acting paymaster (p'ogs- dpon las-bya) in 1879 5, may be the same as the mda'-dpon P'a-lha-ba who was posted at Shigatse in 1880 and 1881 6, and in 1882 acted as the sne-san of the Pan-c'en going to the hot springs for curing his ailments 7. Apparently he was a brother of bKra-sis-dar-rgyas, with whom he shared a wife, the lha-lcam who extended such a generous protection to S.Ch. Das during his journey to Lhasa 8. Because of this imprudent act of kindness, the lady and the mda'-dpon were exiled for seven years 9.</span> »</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Florence et Hélène Béquignon, introduction de Sarat Chandra Das, <a href="William_Woodville_Rockhill" title="William Woodville Rockhill">William Woodville Rockhill</a>, <i>Voyage à Lhassa et au Tibet central</i>, traduction Florence et Hélène Béquignon, Olizane, 1994, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">2-88086-147-0</span>)</small>, p. 13.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-The_Japan_Chronicle-7"><span class="reference-text">The Japan Chronicle: Weekly Edition, 1917 : <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">« <span class="italique">THOSE who met Rai Bahadur Sarat Chandra Das, the Bengali explorer of Tibet and Tibetan scholar, when he was in Japan in 1915, will learn with regret that the genial old gentleman died on January 6th, presumably at his home at Chittagong.</span> »</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">The Japan Chronicle: Weekly Edition - Numéros 935 à 956, p. 445 : <span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">« <span class="italique">By the Hakata-maru, which reached Kobe on Friday afternoon (3rd instant) arrived Mr. Kawaguchi Ekai, and Sri Sarat Chandra Das, both famous for their explorations in Tibet. Mr. Kawaguchi was received at the pier by Dr. Takakusu, Mr. Hasebe, a Buddhist priest, of Kyoto, and a large number of other priests and well-known citizens.</span> »</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Paul Carus, The Open Court, vol 31, 1917, p. 256

<span class="citation not_fr_quote" lang="en">« <span class="italique">We hear with regret from Calcutta of the recent death (January 5, 1917) of the Hindu scholar and explorer Rai Sarat Chandra Das C. I.E. On the day preceding his death he deeded a large piece of land on Deva-Pahar Hill, Chittagong,</span> »</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Florence et Hélène Béquignon, introduction de Sarat Chandra Das, <a href="William_Woodville_Rockhill" title="William Woodville Rockhill">William Woodville Rockhill</a>, <i>Voyage à Lhassa et au Tibet central</i>, traduction Florence et Hélène Béquignon, Olizane, 1994, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">2-88086-147-0</span>)</small>, p. 9.</span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2></div>

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<ul><li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l'information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/46802018">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108571842">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121713960">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121713960">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/030260000">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50046908">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/116030372">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RMSV043302">Italie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00742932">Japon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00885269?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1246695">Espagne</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p075141833">Pays-Bas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007275792705171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2000026056">NUKAT</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35033455">Australie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90757030">Norvège</a></span></li> </ul></div></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9A02EFDE1539E433A25755C0A9649D946297D6CF">WHAT IS KNOWN OF THIBET; Mystery Surrounding Lhasa Now Largely Dispelled. The Story of Chandra Das -- The Child Dalai Lama -- Russian Influence Believed to be Great.</a>, <a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, December 6, 1903</li></ul>

<ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail de l’Inde</span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte">Portail du Tibet</span> </span></li> </ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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